Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease in which induced cytokine production creates dynamic environments for evolution and activity of effector as well as regulatory cells. Low-dose IL-2 has been applied for the treatment of recent-onset T1D in NOD mice. Different IL-2 formulations, for instance, nanoparticle encapsulation, have been implicated to improve the therapeutic utility of low-dose IL-2 to achieve precise suppression of pathological immune responses.
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