Preparation of Manuscripts

Manuscripts must be prepared in English and typed with double line spacing and 2.5 cm margins on all sides. Use a clear, legible font (e.g., Times New Roman or Arial, 12-point). Number all pages consecutively and include continuous line numbering along the left margin.

The manuscript should be organized in the following order:

1. Title Page

The title page should include:

• Title of the article (concise and informative).
• Full names of all authors.
• Affiliations (institution and department) where the work was conducted.
• Corresponding author details: name, complete postal address, telephone number, and e-mail address.
• A short running title (maximum 50 characters, including spaces).
• ORCID iD for each author (if available).

2. Abstract and Keywords

Provide a structured abstract (maximum 250 words) on a separate page, with the following headings:

• Aims
• Methods and Results
• Conclusion

Below the abstract, list 3–6 keywords for indexing purposes, avoiding abbreviations unless widely accepted.

3. Introduction

Briefly present the background and context of the study, citing relevant literature. Clearly state the objective(s) and hypothesis of the research. Avoid excessive review of the field. 

4. Methods

Provide sufficient detail to enable replication by other researchers. If established methods are used, cite the original source; describe any modifications in full.

Include the following where relevant:

• Materials and reagents: specify sources (manufacturer’s name, city, and country).
• Drugs: give generic name, dose, and route of administration.

• Solutions and media: specify composition and concentrations (use SI units, e.g., mol/L). Define % as w/v or v/v.
• Units: use International Units (IU) for enzyme activity.
• Equipment: specify type/model and manufacturer.
• Imaging: describe image acquisition devices and software; note any advanced image processing.
• Ethics: include statements on ethics committee approval and informed consent (for studies involving humans or animals).
• Statistical analysis: state the methods used, software name and version, and significance thresholds (e.g., p < 0.05). 

5. Results

Present results clearly and logically, without repeating all data from tables or figures in the text. Use subheadings where necessary.

6. Discussion

Interpret the results in the context of existing knowledge, highlighting the significance, novelty, and limitations of the work. Avoid repeating details from the Results section.

7. References

Include only works cited in the text, and ensure all in-text citations appear in the reference list.

• Format references according to the journal’s citation style is the Vancouver referencing style. In this style, references are cited in the text using consecutive numbers corresponding to a numbered reference list at the end of the manuscript. Each reference entry should contain the following components in the given order: author(s), title of the article or chapter, title of the journal or book, publication year, volume number (and issue number if applicable), and page range. Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the National Library of Medicine (NLM) catalog. For online sources, include the DOI or URL and the date of access if no DOI is available.

• For online sources, cite the URL and the date accessed; do not include in the reference list if it is the sole reference—cite it directly in the text. 

8. Tables

• Number tables consecutively in the order cited in the text.
• Provide a brief, descriptive title above each table.
• Include footnotes for additional explanation and to define abbreviations.
• Do not use internal gridlines, color, or shading.
• Tables too large for print should be submitted as supplementary material.

9. Figures and Figure Legends

• Number figures consecutively in the order cited in the text.
• Provide legends for all figures, including keys to symbols, organism names, statistical tests, and probability levels.
• Label figure panels (A, B, etc.) in the top-left corner.

• Use Arial or a similar sans-serif font for labels.
• Include a scale bar where appropriate, with measurements specified in the legend.
• Use symbols such as filled/open circles, squares, and triangles, ensuring they remain legible after reduction.
• Submit figures at high resolution (minimum 300 dpi for photographs, 600 dpi for line art) in TIFF or EPS format.

10. Word and Reference Limits

• Original Articles: up to 5,000 words (including references, figure legends, and tables).
• References: maximum of 50.
• Use double line spacing throughout the manuscript, including references and legends. 

Additional Notes

• Supplementary Material: Include additional data, extended methods, or large tables as separate files for online publication.
• Abbreviations: Define abbreviations on first use and avoid excessive use of non-standard terms.
• Conflict of Interest: Authors must disclose any financial or personal relationships that could bias the work.
• Funding Statement: Include the source(s) of support for the study.
• Acknowledgments: Mention contributors who do not meet authorship criteria.