Detection of Vascular Macular Affection in Prediabetics

Diabetes, a major health problem, is preceded by a stage called prediabetes. Prediabetes is an intermediate state of hyperglycemia between normal glucose tolerance and overt Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is little evidence that  the microvascular complications of diabetes can manifest during the stage of prediabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is 
the leading cause of blindness among working-aged adults around the world. The ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography are the current gold standards for diagnosis and staging of DR, however, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is rapid, noninvasive tool that does not need dye injection.